The mechanical lifespan of RF coaxial connectors depends primarily on three key factors: the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of contact components, the stability of structural design, and the durability of materials and coatings. Details are as follows:

1. Design and Material of Contact Components

   
   

   Contact components (inner conductors, pins/ jacks) bear the brunt of force and friction during mating and unmating, directly determining the upper limit of service life.

   
   

   • Materials: Copper alloys with excellent elasticity (e.g., beryllium bronze, phosphor bronze) are preferred. These materials feature strong deformation resistance and can maintain stable contact pressure after repeated mating cycles. By contrast, ordinary brass tends to suffer elastic attenuation, leading to poor contact performance.

   
   

   • Structure: The spring design of jacks (such as claw-spring and crown-spring structures) affects the distribution of contact stress. A well-optimized structure can reduce local wear during mating and extend the service life.
2. Performance of Surface Coatings

   
   

   Coatings serve as a critical protective layer to lower the friction coefficient during mating and enhance corrosion resistance, thereby extending mechanical lifespan.
   • Gold Plating: Gold boasts high chemical stability and low friction coefficient. A thick gold plating layer (≥2.5μm) can effectively reduce mating wear and prevent contact oxidation, making it a standard configuration for high-frequency, high-reliability connectors. Connectors with thin gold plating or no plating at all may experience rapid wear and oxidation of contacts after just a few mating cycles, resulting in a sharp decline in service life.
   • Other Coatings: Silver plating offers excellent electrical conductivity but is prone to oxidation. Nickel plating mainly plays a role as a base protective layer and is generally not used alone as a contact coating.
3. Precision and Stability of Connection Structure

   
   

   The positioning and guiding structure of connectors determines the uniformity of force applied during mating.

   
   

   For threaded connectors (e.g., SMA, Type-N connectors), thread precision and, for flange-mount connectors, the tolerance of positioning holes will affect the coaxiality during mating. Insufficient precision can cause deflection and jamming during the process, leading to localized stress concentration and accelerated wear of contact components.
4. Service Environment and Operational Specifications

   
   

   External factors can accelerate the degradation of mechanical lifespan:
   • Harsh environments (e.g., high humidity, salt spray, dust) can cause coating corrosion and structural rust, reducing mating smoothness.
   • Rough handling such as forced mating/unmating and over-tightening (for threaded types) can lead to deformation of contact components and thread stripping, directly shortening the service life.